Anatomy of a Cow External Parts of a Beef Cattle Not Labeled
The written report of external anatomy is useful in the following:
ane. Study of breed characteristics.
ii. Judging of animals.
three. Locating the external abnormalities on body.
four. Writing report of treatment, dressing of parts, etc.
Materials Required:
1. Sketch of a cow with labeled body parts (Fig. 2-A).
2. A mature cow, bull and buffalo.
Procedure:
i. Study the labeled trunk parts on the sketch.
2. Observe the location of the dissimilar parts on the body of animal as explained past instructor.
three. Practice locating and naming the parts correctly with the help of labeled diagram.
4. Study the differences in the external parts in cow, bull and buffalo.
Observations:
ane. Take another sketch and label parts looking at the body of animal.
2. Marker different wedges on the torso of animate being.
3. Indicate torso length, girth and height of the animal by a line.
Human relationship of Body Parts with Physiological Functions of the Torso:
External body parts of cow that tin with some reason exist associated with the product of milk straight or indirectly are as follows:
1. Head and Neck:
This is broadly classified into three types:
(a) A well proportionate head and neck.
(b) A long and narrow face,
(c) A short and thick caput.
Looking at the type of head and face certain observations with regard to health, breed, age, sex, temperament, etc., tin be made. A dairy cow with well proportionate head and neck consisting of wide nostrils, prominent facial veins, wide forehead, slender neck, big and bright eyes and dewlap with graceful folds should be preferred.
Animals with a long and narrow face generally tend to exist susceptible to diseases and remain weak in health; as such they cannot exist expected to do their best for milk production. Similarly the cows with brusk and thick head are usually short in stature and hardy but not good for milk product.
2. Barrel Development:
Animals with big barrel are indicative of having big digestive capacity. Cows with large barrel volition exist able to swallow large quantity of feed and in turn more than nutrients^ are digested and alloyed for more milk production.
3. Eye Girth and Ribs:
Chest of fauna should exist big. Information technology is exhibited by well biconvex, sprung, and broad apart ribs. This indicates that all vital organs like heart; lungs necessary for good blood apportionment are fully developed for better health conditions.
1. Ideal udder—capacious, soft, smooth, pliable with practiced frontward and rear high attachment with folds of pare on rear side and squarely placed convenient sized teats.
2. Udder ideal but teats as well minor.
3. Udder ideal but teats too long.
4. Teats enlarged at the base, interferes with milking.
5. Udder with four quarters poorly fastened.
six. Udder tilted forward with four quarters of less capacity.
seven. Udder-meaty type round smooth and hard, lacking in capacity.
8. Small udder poorly developed with too modest teats, lacking in capacity.
9. Teats not squarely placed-imbalanced quarters.
x. Udder development and zipper—poor.
11. Pendulous udder—funnel shaped.
12. Udder attachment more than frontward and imbalanced quarters.
4. Mammary Development:
The udder should be big with smooth, soft and spongy texture. Quarters must be evenly balanced. It should accept convenient sized, uniform in length and squarely placed teats. Udder must take good forward attachment and a high rear attachment with numerous folds of pare between hind legs. A capacious udder which enlarges before milking equally a result of stimulus and let down of milk, and contracts in size subsequently milking, is preferred.
The pendulous udder normally has more tear and wear of secretarial assistant tissues, is not good. Similarly meaty udder appears to be hard in texture and smooth and is considered to have developed more than muscular tissues and therefore information technology is non considered skilful for high milk producing ability.
5. Milk Veins and Milk Wells:
Milk veins should be large, bulged, zigzag in shape, tortuous (branching), prominent in front of udder on each side of belly. Such veins are regarded every bit an indication of good milk producing ability. Milk wells should too exist larger in size.
6. Other Body Parts:
A cow for milk product must exist chosen from among the mulch purpose grouping of breeds. The hip basic and pivot bones should exist wide autonomously to indicate full development of pelvic region necessary for good reproductive functions. Tail should be thin, long well set and tapering.
Umbilicus should be big and loose, normally found associated with dairy cows of high milk producing ability. Skin should be costless from excess fat, thin, polish and pliable with glossy hair coat.
7. Wedge Shaped Body (Fig. 2-C):
Peak wedge:
When viewed from the front and top of the withers, the body should exist wider at hip bones. The hind quarters should be sparsely fleshed out and well developed.
Front wedge:
When viewed from the top of the withers, information technology widens at the points of shoulders and at the flooring of the chest.
Side wedge:
1 of the side lines runs along the back bone and the other along the chest and belly, if shows parallel appearance it indicates beefy characteristics and if the lines widens towards the rear side of body it shows quality of dairy character.
Dairy conformation:
Body of the cow should be athwart when viewed from front, side and over the withers. This angularity or sharpness of indicate is known as wedges. Angularity is associated with dairy production dissimilarity to the fleshy, well rounded and rectangular grade in beef type.
Dairy temperament:
Pure dairy type is characterized by the absenteeism of fleshing but retention of the capacity to swallow and digest large amounts of nutrient which is utilized for milk production rather than meat production.
Note:
Many tests have shown that attempts to guess productive ability of milking cows past their conformation are just as probable to be incorrect as correct, fifty-fifty when the gauge is fabricated past experienced stockman. Still, and so far as the average conformation of cow is concerned information technology does indicate suitability for milk product particularly in taurus breeds.
Source: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/dairy-farm-management/study-of-external-body-parts-of-a-cow-buffalo-and-bull-purpose-and-procedure/36268
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